Ruble dives, stocks sink as West tightens Russia sanctions

The ruble plunged to a record low of less than 1 US cent on Monday after Western nations moved to tighten sanctions against Russia, blocking some of its banks from the SWIFT global payments system.

Shares were mixed in Asia but US and European futures were sharply lower as President Vladimir Putin escalated tensions by ordering that Russian nuclear forces be put on high alert.

Russian's invasion of Ukraine has caused markets to swing wildly, given the potential impact on inflation, energy supplies and other economic repercussions.

Read: Just short of nuclear': the latest financial sanctions will cripple Russia's economy

Putin ordered Russian nuclear weapons prepared for increased readiness to launch on Sunday, ratcheting up tensions with Europe and the United States in a move that revived dormant fears from the Cold War era.

Japan over the weekend joined moves by the US and other Western nations to impose sanctions against Russia, including restrictions on access for some Russian banks to the SWIFT system.

Central bank restrictions target access to the more than 600 billion in reserves that the Kremlin has at its disposal, hindering Russia's ability to support the ruble as it plunges in value.

The ruble was quoted at 105.27 to the dollar early Monday, down from about 84 rubles to the dollar on Friday. Sanctions announced earlier had taken its currency to its lowest level thus far against the dollar in history and gave its stock market its worst week on record.

The end of the month usually brings a raft of economic data, but for now the conflict is eclipsing other issues.

Read: War in Ukraine knocks down Asian stock prices

It's all about the Russia-Ukraine situation and evolutions in that situation will drive market sentiment and direction, Jeffrey Halley of Oanda said in a commentary.

President Putin will now have to accept that the Western' powers are prepared to accept quite a bit of economic pain now to punish Russia, he said.

US futures fell, with the contract for the S&P 500 down 2.5% and that for the Dow industrials 1.6% lower. The future for Germany's DAX dropped 3.2% and the future for the FTSE 100 lost 1.3%.

Markets in Asia appeared to take the latest developments more calmly.

Japan's Nikkei 225 index recovered from earlier losses to edge 0.1% higher at 26,514.79. The Hang Seng in Hong Kong lost 0.8% to 22,584.17. The Shanghai Composite index was 0.1% lower at 3,449.52. The Kospi in Seoul climbed 0.6% to 2,690.28, while in Sydney the S&P/ASX 200 gained 0.7% to 7,049.10.

Although Asia is unlikely to suffer direct damage from the war in Ukraine, higher energy prices are an unwelcome burden for oil-importing nations like Japan, especially while they are still struggling to recover from the pandemic.

Underscoring deepening rifts due to the conflict, BP said Sunday it was exiting its 19.75% share in Rosneft, a state-controlled Russian oil and gas company, which it has held since 2013. That stake is currently valued at 14 billion.

Oil prices surged Monday, with US benchmark crude up 5.33, or 5.8%, at 96.92 per barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. It lost 1.22 to 91.59 per barrel on Friday.

Brent crude gained 4.31 to 98.33 per barrel, up 5.6% and approaching the 100 per barrel level it breached last week.

On Friday, the S&P 500 climbed 2.2%, notching its first weekly gain in three weeks to close at 4,384.65. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 2.5% to 34,058.75. The Nasdaq composite gained 1.6% to 13,694.62 after swinging between modest gains and losses. The Russell 2000 index rose 2.3%, to 2,040.923.

The Ukraine conflict has heaped uncertainty atop other worries over interest rates and inflation.

The US Federal Reserve has suggested it will raise short-term interest rates next month by double its usual increase, the first rate increase since 2018. Higher US rates tend to put downward pressure on all kinds of investments, and can have global repercussions.

In currency trading, the US dollar inched down to 115.54 Japanese yen from 115.77 yen. The euro slipped to 1.1145 from 1.1157.