Zimbabwean election: Results under scrutiny for irregularities

By Cai Nebe

WASHINGTON: Emmerson Mnangagwa was re-elected president of Zimbabwe with 52.6% of the vote, avoiding a runoff with rival Nelson Chamisa of the Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC). “I wanted to give Mnangagwa another chance,” said voter Tinashe Makamure. “We will always vote for Mnangagwa because he’s the only one who can do progress in our country,” an elated Mildred Sekai told DW. The opposition immediately contested the results, with Chamisa calling the vote “fraught with unprecedented illegality.” Speaking on Sunday, the CCC head described the results as “doctored” and “criminal.” International election observers stressed that there had been problems with the poll held last Wednesday and Thursday. They cited an atmosphere of intimidation against Chamisa’s supporters.

Over 40 local election monitors were arrested. Observers also listed censored media coverage and new, draconian laws like the Patriotic Bill, which authorizes punishment, including the death penalty, for anyone found guilty of “willfully damaging the sovereignty and national interest of Zimbabwe.” The vague wording gives authorities ample scope to use the bill against political opponents. “When you’ve got all that going on and can only win with 52% of the vote, that’s pretty remarkable. This result shows us the depth of public anger against the government,” Nic Cheeseman, an analyst and democracy scholar at the University of Birmingham, told DW.

Saviour Kasukuwere, a former Zimbabwean Cabinet Minister disqualified from running for the presidency by the High Court, told DW that Zimbabweans were “dismayed” and that the whole process was a “charade.” Mnangagwa, 80, described his election victory as a product of a “mature democracy” despite widespread criticism. But while the ruling ZANU-PF party secured power, winning 136, or 65%, of the 209 seats in Zimbabwe’s Assembly, the results revealed that support for Mnangagwa himself was not as formidable.

“He proved less popular than his own party,” said Cheeseman. “He polled worse than the MP candidate from ZANU-PF. So, you’ve got a party desperate for self-preservation. You’ve got a leader who looks like a liability.” The election took place against a backdrop of considerable youth unemployment, inflation and economic stagnation, partly due to Western sanctions against Zimbabwe over alleged human rights abuses.

Mnangagwa, however, is highly regarded in some Zimbabwean circles for his political savviness and ability to survive. Nicknamed “The Crocodile,” he was a longtime ally of former dictator Robert Mugabe. Mnangagwa turned on Mugabe after he was dismissed as vice president in 2017. Shortly after, in an event most analysts described as a military coup, Mugabe was removed from power, and Mnangagwa won the ensuing presidential election.

Yet this year’s election results might signal to the ruling party that “there are diminishing returns from the authoritarian strategy, and at some point, you’ve got to deliver something to the people. Otherwise, the process simply becomes unfeasible and implausible,” Cheeseman said. A bigger problem, say critics like Kasukuwere, is that the ZANU-PF government has no legitimacy. “We can’t continue with this charade where you want to keep the country in isolation because you want to win elections illegally,” he told DW.

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres expressed concern over reports of voter intimidation. Criticism from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) was more substantial.