ISRO explains how soft landing of Vikram will take place

'Vikram' with rover 'Pragyaan' housed inside is scheduled for a powered-descent between 1 am and 2 am on September 7, followed by its touchdown between 1.30 am and 2.30 am.

Ahead of the proposed touchdown in the early hours of Saturday, the ISRO explained through a video how it will take place.

The space agency explained that the machine will be fitted with at least three cameras, Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC), Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC) and Lander Hazardous Detection and Avoidance Camera (LHDAC), to ensure its soft landing on the lunar surface.

There will be two KA Band Altimeter-1 and KA Band Altimeter-2.

The KA Band stands for Kurtz-above band, which is part of the Kurtz (K) band in the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum.

There will be a Laser Altimeter (LASA), an instrument that is used to learn about the topography, or the shape of the surface of a planet. It will operate through the orbitor revolving around the moon above the lander.

The lander will have five 800N Liquid thruster engines, touchdown sensors and solar panels.

During the rough braking Phase at an altitude of 100 km, the four engines on four sides of the cubical shaped lander will be switched on.

At this stage of the Absolute Navigation Phase, KA Band-1, Laser Altimeter and Lander Position Detection Camera will be activated to ensure that the lander is positioned in the space just above the moon surface to sit perfectly on the ground.

The Lander Position Detection Camera will be switched on to identify the perfect place to sit cozily on the ground.

At this hovering stage of lander, about 400 metres above the moon surface, two engines will be ignited.

Subsequently LASA, KA-Band 2 and LHVC will be activated.

There will be a retargeting phase where LASA, KA Band-2, LHVC, LHDAC will be activated to coordinate for the perfect landing.

Further, at an altitude of 10 metres, the ISRO will carry out the landers parabolic descent for soft landing by igniting the central engine and using the touchdown sensor at the bottom of the stand.

Soon after touchdown, ISRO will deploy the three payloads, named Chaste, Rambha and Ilsa.

Chaste is located just at the lower edge of the cubical Vikram lander which will extend like one of the stands touching the ground.

Rambha will be at the upper side of the outer wall of the lander extending like a rod while Ilsa will be at the bottom.

The lander is equipped with solar panels on its outer walls for power generation for the project.

Hours after touchdown, rover Pragyaan will roll out from inside the lander to carry out intense probe of the moon soil with its two payloads.