IIT-M develops tech to produce hydrogen fuel from seawater

Using this technology, described in the journal, ‘ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering’, hydrogen can be produced on-demand at the point of use, and hence it need not be stored. This overcomes the storage-related challenges associated with hydrogen as it is highly inflammable and may cause an explosion, the researchers said.

Hydrogen can be a good source of energy for the future as combustion of hydrogen does not produce carbon dioxide, unlike fossil fuels, making it a ‘clean’ source of energy, they said. Considering the increased levels of air pollution globally, the researchers are reportedly even targeting to run cars and bikes by seawater using hydrogen power. “As the hydrogen can be produced at the point of use on-demand, safety issues associated with the storage and transportation of hydrogen is avoided,” said Abdul Malek from the Department of Chemistry at IIT-Madras.

“The solid starting materials can be transported from one place to another place very conveniently. This bypasses the transportation bottleneck associated with hydrogen sector,” Malek told media.

The researchers noted that hydrogen is produced at a tuneable rate without heat, electricity or sunlight. The starting materials are also all eco-friendly. The process is amenable to all scales of production that is relevant for the hydrogen economy; hence sectors such as automotive, aviation, etc. would benefit from this technology, they said.

“Hydrogen is the future. We want to make it ‘the present’. I am waiting for the day when our invention will fuel the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) rockets or the Defence Research and Development Organisation’s (DRDO) missiles,” Malek said.

The researchers, including Tiju Thomas, Associate Professor at IIT-Madras, said they are on the way to customise and design a proper hydrogen system for vehicles. “We are looking forward to delivering solutions for the global energy sector,” Malek said.

The technology is used to generate hydrogen from any source of water. However, as seawater covers two-thirds of the surface of the Earth, the researchers are keenon utilising it.

The set-up, the scientists said, can generate fuel production with the push of a button, which adds water from one compartment to the other. “The water addition rate can control the amount of hydrogen produced and flow depending on the requirement. The technical details are patent-protected,” Malek said. “The process is scalable. The amount can be produced according to the need. Hence, hydrogen for mobility such as for cars, etc. is eminently possible via due customisation,” he added.

The researchers noted that commercial method requires high temperature of about 1,000 degrees Celsius, and nearly 25 bar pressure. However, the new process works at room temperature and at an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar, they said.

“Our current estimates indicate that the cost is likely comparable to the available prices; things could change with scale. However, the key selling point is enhanced safety, and elimination of point-of-use environmental pollution,” said Malek.