Hackers prey on devices running open-source Linux OS

Over the past eight years, over a dozen advanced persistent threat (APT) actors have been observed to use Linux malware or some Linux-based modules, according to cybersecurity firm Kaspersky.

Many organisations choose Linux for strategically important servers and systems, not least because this operating system is thought to be safer and less prone to cyberthreats than the far more popular Windows operating system.

There is a significant trend in many countries towards using Linux as a desktop environment by big enterprise companies, as well as in governmental entities, that pushes threat actors to develop malware for this platform.

The APT actors targeting Linux include infamous threat groups as Barium, Sofacy, the Lamberts, and Equation, as well as more recent campaigns such as, LightSpy by TwoSail Junk and WellMess," Kaspersky said in a statement.

"Diversification of their arsenal with Linux tools enables threat actors to conduct operations more effectively and with wider reach".

The myth that Linux, being a less popular operating system, is unlikely to be targeted by malware, invites additional cybersecurity risks.

"The trend of enhancing APT toolsets was identified by our experts many times in the past, and Linux-focused tools are no exception. Aiming to secure their systems, IT and security departments are using Linux more often than before," said Yury Namestnikov, head of Kaspersky's Global Research and Analysis Team (GReAT) in Russia.

"Threat actors are responding to this with the creation of sophisticated tools that are able to penetrate such systems," he added.

While targeted attacks on Linux-based systems are still uncommon, there is certainly malware designed for them – including webshells, backdoors, rootkits and even custom-made exploits.

Moreover, the small number of attacks is misleading as the successful compromise of a server running Linux often leads to significant consequences.

"These include attackers not only being able to access the infected device, but also endpoints running Windows or macOS, thus providing wider access for attackers which might go unnoticed," Kaspersky said.

Lazarus, a Korean-speaking APT group, continues to diversify its toolset and develop non-Windows malware.

"We advise cybersecurity experts to take this trend into account and implement additional measures to protect their servers and workstations," Namestnikov suggested.