Iraq begins battle to reclaim Mosul

Up to 1.5 million civilians remain in the city, the United Nations said, voicing fears the vastly outnumbered Islamists could use them as human shields as they seek to repel the assault on its last major stronghold in the country. 

“Today I declare the start of these victorious operations to free you from the violence and terrorism of Daesh,” Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi said in a televised address, using an alternative name for the IS group. Mosul fell to IS fighters two years ago as they marched through Iraq and Syria, where the civil war left a power vacuum that they easily exploited. Its recapture would shatter the group's claim to be running a ‘caliphate’ and would all but end its presence in Iraq as a land-holding force. 

That claim received another body blow on Sunday when Syrian rebels retook the town of Dabiq from the group. The anti-IS alliance - including the US-led coalition, Kurdish Peshmerga and Iraqi government forces - has recently been tightening the noose around Mosul, and the assault has long been predicted. 

But they will have to fight their way through IS defences to reach the city. Some groups are still dozens of kilometres from Mosul. When they get there, the fighting is expected to be fierce. In the two years since IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi proclaimed a ‘caliphate’ straddling Iraq and Syria, Iraqi forces, with the support of Iran and a US-led coalition, have battled to win back lost territory.

Prime Minister Abadi on Monday vowed that only government forces will enter Mosul, a Sunni-majority city that IS seized with relative ease partly due to local resentment towards the Shiite-dominated security forces. Shiite militia groups have been accused of serious abuses against Sunni civilians in the course of operations to reconquer territory from IS.