Superpower dynamics: China an ally in need, or a friend indeed?

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) annual oversight convention became the scene for a political power struggle this week. The coronavirus pandemic, which should have dominated the proceedings, was pushed into the back seat.

Even though almost 5 mn people have been infected by the potentially deadly pathogen, there was no debate about the crisis it has caused. Instead, a quarrel broke out over what political system better protects a country and its people in the case of a catastrophe. The US was held up as an example of democracy and China as that of a totalitarian regime.

While US President Donald Trump is cutting funding to the WHO and threatening to leave the world body, his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping is being astoundingly generous. In the next two years, China intends to make $2 bn available to developing countries, Xi promised in a video message. As a comparison, the US contributes some $500 mn yearly to the WHO. Xi also pledged to place any vaccinations developed and certified by China at the world’s disposal as a “global public commodity.”

Many health systems around the world, especially in less-developed countries, have been overwhelmed by extremely high rates of infection and are relying on rapid international assistance. These countries are particularly willing to accept generous aid from China.

As far as China is concerned, this all fits in with its master plan for working its way up to the top of the world order, where the US has left a vacuum after reducing its international cooperation, such as in various UN institutions. China, with its financial power, is moving into the gap and gaining increasing heft on the global political stage. Beijing’s stated aim is to form an alliance among developing countries so that they can become independent from their former colonial masters” both economically and politically” and strike out in new directions. But, in fact, China is itself seeking hegemony, although it would, of course, never admit it.

China gives its aid without stipulating any political preconditions such as good governance. Beijing is financing huge infrastructure projects as part of its Silk Road initiative, which encompasses half the globe from China via the Strait of Gibraltar right across to the South Pacific. In the process, its government secured access to strategically important resources in Africa that feed the ever-hungry maw of the Chinese economy and has opened up new markets for Chinese exports, particularly in eastern and southeastern Europe.

The enormous debt burden of the recipient countries increases their political dependence on China as well. A single decision at the Communist Party headquarters sometimes suffices to determine whether a government has a chance at re-election or whether a dictator retains the reins of power. In such countries, Beijing chooses politicians it finds convenient as heads of state and government.

But it is just as disingenuous when Beijing’s propaganda maintains that the Chinese model is more effective than any democracy. People have a right to more than just health and physical integrity. Indivisible, universal human rights such as that of free exercise of religion and freedom opinion are just as essential. And China is light years away from implementing those.