Blood plasma proteins can better explain long Covid: Study
"Trying to understand this mechanism is quite important because it provides further insight into how patients are affected," said Dr Michael Nicholson, Associate Scientist at Lawson.
Representative image (PHOTO: IANS)
TORONTO: Canadian researchers have discovered unique patterns of blood plasma proteins in patients with suspected long Covid that could act as a potential drug target to improve patient outcomes.Currently, approximately 10-20 per cent of people with a confirmed case of Covid-19 will get long Covid, and experience a wide variety of symptoms, which may include fatigue, brain fog and difficulty breathing.
Researchers from Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC) in Canada found that the proteins in blood plasma, called "the plasma proteome", are released by cells that often play an important role in the body's immune response to viruses.
In the paper, published in The Journal of Translational Medicine, the team studied how those proteins adapt and change in long Covid.
"Trying to understand this mechanism is quite important because it provides further insight into how patients are affected," said Dr Michael Nicholson, Associate Scientist at Lawson.
"This paper sheds further light onto a possible mechanism which may provide insight into why some patients have certain symptoms," he added.
For the study, blood plasma samples were collected from long Covid outpatients and analysed in comparison to acutely ill Covid-19 patients as well as compared to a group of healthy volunteers.
"We used novel technologies for this study, allowing us to analyse more than 3,000 proteins in blood plasma at the same time with multiple patients," explains Cristiana Iosef, Research Analyst at Children's Health Research Institute (CHRI), a programme of Lawson.
"We used a novel bioinformatic pipeline, a form of artificial intelligence (AI), to then analyse the proteins to determine the specific changes that occur in long Covid."
By using advanced technology the researchers were able to determine unique patterns in the blood proteins. The team discovered that people with suspected long Covid have prolonged inflammation associated with changes in their immune cells and blood vessels. These changes may lead to problems in specific organs, like the brain and the heart.
"The saved blood plasma samples that we are using helped us determine the long-term responses to Covid-19; serial blood plasma samples from individuals that had a Covid-19 infection and now presumed long Covid will help us determine how proteins are changing over time," said Dr Michael Knauer, Associate Scientist at Lawson.
Dr Douglas Fraser, Scientist and Critical Care Physician at London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC) in Canada, added that the proteins discovered could act as a potential drug target. The team is now examining potential new drug therapies with the hopes of improving outcomes for these patients.
"When we identify these signalling patterns within the blood plasma, we can then take the information and screen drug databases to better understand which drugs would be best to target the changes we identified in long Covid patients," he said. "With this understanding, the identified drugs may be used in future long Covid clinical trials."
