Has heart attack risk declined among diabetics in last 20 years?

More than 463 million adults worldwide have diabetes, according to the International Diabetes Federation.

Adults with diabetes have a two- to three-fold increased risk of heart attacks and strokes compared to adults who do not have the condition, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).

"Our study found that the rate of cardiovascular complications among individuals with diabetes has declined over the past two decades," said senior author Timothy ME Davis from the University of Western Australia.

The study was published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.

"While we've seen improvements in cardiovascular disease outcomes in the general population during the same time period, the gains in individuals with diabetes outpaced the general population during that timeframe," Davis added.

For the findings, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, the researchers analysed data from two phases of the 'Fremantle Diabetes Study', which took place 15 years apart.

The first phase, which ran from 1993 to 2001, compared data on 1,291 individuals with type 2 diabetes to 5,159 residents without the condition.

During the second phase from 2008 to 2016, researchers collected data from 1,509 participants with type 2 diabetes and compared outcomes to 6,036 individuals who did not have the condition.

The researchers used a database of hospital records and death records for western Australia to identify cardiovascular complications and deaths among study participants.

The findings showed that individuals with diabetes in the Fremantle Diabetes Study's second phase were less likely to experience a heart attack or stroke, be hospitalised for heart failure, or be hospitalised for a lower extremity amputation than their counterparts in the first phase.

"While the outlook for people with diabetes in developed countries is improving significantly, we remain concerned that the death rate from all causes among people with diabetes is worse than the general population," Davis said.

"The trend shows we still have to monitor conditions like cancer and dementia that may become an issue for people with diabetes later in life," the researcher noted.